directed energy system

1 to steer (conducir) (coche, barco).

2 to manage (llevar) (empresa, hotel, hospital).

dirige mi tesis, me dirige la tesis he's supervising my thesis, he's my PhD supervisor

3 to direct.

Ella dirigió el caso She directed the case.

Ella dirige al equipo She directs the team.

4 to address (carta, paquete).

5 to guide (guiar) (person).

6 to point, to range.

Ellos dirigen al misil They point the missile.

7 to drive, to steer, to pilot, to head.

Ella dirige el avión She drives the plane.

8 to conduct.

Ella dirige la orquesta She conducts the orchestra.

* * *

(g changes to j before a and o)

Present Indicative

dirijo, diriges, dirige, dirigimos, dirigís, dirigen.

Present Subjunctive

dirija, dirijas, dirija, dirijamos, dirijáis, dirijan.

Imperative

dirige (tú), dirija (él/Vd.), dirijamos (nos.), dirigid (vos.), dirijan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

1) to direct, lead

2) conduct

3) address

* * *

1. VT

1) (=orientar) [+ persona] to direct; [+ asunto] to advise, guide

2) (=apuntar) [+ arma, telescopio] to aim, point (a, hacia at)

3) (=destinar)

a) [+ carta, comentario, pregunta] to address (a to)

b) [+ libro, programa, producto] to aim (a at)

c) [+ acusación, críticas] to make (a, contra against)

d) [+ esfuerzos] to direct (a, hacia to, towards)

4) (=controlar) [+ empresa, hospital, centro de enseñanza] to run; [+ periódico, revista] to edit, run; [+ expedición, país, sublevación] to lead; [+ maniobra, operación, investigación] to direct, be in charge of; [+ debate] to chair; [+ proceso judicial] to preside over; [+ tesis] to supervise; [+ juego, partido] to referee

5) (Cine, Teat) to direct

6) (Mús) [+ orquesta, concierto] to conduct; [+ coro] to lead

7) (=conducir) [+ coche] to drive; [+ barco] to steer; [+ caballo] to lead

dirigirse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) < empresa> to manage, run; <periódico/revista> to run, edit; <investigación/tesis> to supervise; < debate> to lead, chair

b) <obra/película> to direct

c) < orquesta> to conduct

2)

a)

b)

3) ( encaminar)

dirigirse v pron

1) ( encaminarse)

2)

* * *

= address, channel, direct, gear (to/toward(s)/for), lead, man, pitch, route, run, steer, head, signpost, give + direction, angle, rule over, lend + direction, shepherd, choreograph, key + Nombre + to.

Ex. More can be assumed in instructions addressed to the experienced information searcher than in instructions for the novice.

Ex. Users make suggestions for modifications and these are then channelled through a series of committees.

Ex. This statement directs the user to adopt a number more specific terms in preference to the general term.

Ex. Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. The responsibility for manning the one telephone left at the disposal of a residue of callers fell to a single officer who had other duties to carry out to justify his keep.

Ex. Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.

Ex. Requests which cannot be filled by local or regional libraries are automatically routed by the system to NLM as the library of last resort.

Ex. The service is run by Radio-Suisse and can be accessed via de PSS.

Ex. They decided that they had to set up information and referral services to steer people to the correct agency.

Ex. A stickler for details, sometimes to the point of compulsion, Edmonds was deemed a fortuitous choice to head the monumental reorganization process.

Ex. There is a need for a firststop organization that could signpost the public through the maze of government agencies and social welfare organizations.

Ex. To give direction to these physical resources, there are objectives for the project and a framework timetable.

Ex. This publication seems to find particular favour in law firms, possibly because of its currency and the way it is angled towards the commercial world.

Ex. From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex. Policies are guidelines that lend direction to planning and decision-making.

Ex. He showed the ability of a single mind to shepherd cultural ventures.

Ex. Response to reading room theft should be carefully choreographed but decisive.

Ex. The case study found that children do have the ability to use a classification scheme that is keyed to their developmental level.

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* dirigir el cotarro = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.

* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.

* dirigir información a = direct + information towards.

* dirigir interpretación musical = conduct.

* dirigir la atención = put + focus.

* dirigir la atención a = turn to, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).

* dirigir la mirada hacia = look toward(s).

* dirigir la palabra = be civil towards.

* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.

* dirigir + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.

* dirigir + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.

* dirigir + Posesivo + mirada = turn + Posesivo + thoughts.

* dirigirse = be headed, head, head out.

* dirigirse a = aim at, check with, turn over to, turn to, make + Posesivo + way to, set off to, turn to, head for, reach out to, head off for/to.

* dirigirse a Alguien = approach + Alguien.

* dirigirse amenazadoramente hacia = bear down on.

* dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.

* dirigirse en multitud = beat + the path to.

* dirigirse hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to, start toward, move toward(s), be heading towards, head for, turn into.

* dirigirse hacia + Dirección = push + Dirección.

* dirigirse hacia el oeste = push + westward(s).

* dirigirse la palabra = on speaking terms.

* dirigirse rápidamente hacia = make + haste towards.

* dirigir una crítica hacia = level + criticism at.

* dirigir una tesis = supervise + dissertation, supervise + thesis.

* dirigir un servicio = run + service.

* lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) < empresa> to manage, run; <periódico/revista> to run, edit; <investigación/tesis> to supervise; < debate> to lead, chair

b) <obra/película> to direct

c) < orquesta> to conduct

2)

a)

b)

3) ( encaminar)

dirigirse v pron

1) ( encaminarse)

2)

* * *

* * *

dirigir [I7 ]

1 ‹empresa› to manage, run; ‹periódico/revista› to run, edit; ‹investigación/tesis› to supervise; ‹debate› to lead, chair

dirigió la operación de rescate he led o directed the rescue operation

dirigir el tráfico to direct o control the traffic

2 ‹obra/película› to direct

3 ‹orquesta› to conduct

1 ‹mensaje/carta› dirigir algo A algn to address sth TO sb

esta noche el presidente dirigirá un mensaje a la nación the president will address the nation tonight

la carta venía dirigida a mí the letter was addressed to me

dirigió unas palabras de bienvenida a los congresistas he addressed a few words of welcome to the delegates

las críticas iban dirigidas a los organizadores the criticisms were directed at the organizers

el folleto va dirigido a padres y educadores the booklet is aimed at parents and teachers

la pregunta iba dirigida a usted the question was meant for you, I asked you the question

no me dirigió la palabra he didn't say a word to me

2 ‹mirada/pasos/telescopio›

dirigió la mirada hacia el horizonte he looked toward(s) the horizon, he turned his eyes o his gaze toward(s) the horizon

le dirigió una mirada de reproche she looked at him reproachfully, she gave him a reproachful look

dirigió sus pasos hacia la esquina he walked toward(s) the corner

dirigió el telescopio hacia la luna he pointed the telescope toward(s) the moon

C (encaminar) ‹esfuerzos/acciones› dirigir algo A + INF:

acciones dirigidas a aliviar el problema measures aimed at alleviating o measures designed to alleviate the problem

dirigiremos todos nuestros esfuerzos a lograr un acuerdo we shall channel all our efforts into o direct all our efforts toward(s) reaching an agreement

(ir): nos dirigíamos al aeropuerto we were heading for o we were going to o we were on our way to the airport

se dirigió a su despacho con paso decidido he strode purposefully toward(s) his office

se dirigían hacia la frontera they were making o heading for the border

el buque se dirigía hacia la costa the ship was heading for o toward(s) the coast

B dirigirse A algn (oralmente) to speak o talk TO sb, address sb ( frml) (por escrito) to write TO sb

¿se dirige a mí? are you talking o speaking to me?

me dirijo a Vd. para solicitarle … ( Corresp) I am writing to request …

para más información diríjase a … for more information please write to o contact …

* * *

a) ‹ empresa› to manage, run;

b) ‹obra/película› to direct;

a) dirigir algo a algn ‹mensaje/carta› to address sth to sb;

◊ la pregunta iba dirigida a usted the question was meant for you;

b) dirigir algo hacia or a algo/algn ‹ telescopio› to point sth toward(s) sth/sb;

◊ dirigió sus pasos hacia la esquina he walked toward(s) the corner

* * *

♦ vt

1. [conducir] [coche, barco] to steer;

el canal dirige el agua hacia el interior de la región the canal channels the water towards the interior of the region

2. [estar al cargo de] [empresa, hotel, hospital] to manage;

dirige mi tesis, me dirige la tesis he's supervising my thesis, he's my PhD supervisor o US advisor

3. [película, obra de teatro] to direct;

4. [apuntar]

dirige el telescopio al norte point the telescope towards the north;

dirigió sus acusaciones a las autoridades her accusations were aimed at the authorities

5. [dedicar, encaminar]

dirigir unas palabras a alguien to speak to sb, to address sb;

dirige sus esfuerzos a incrementar los beneficios she is directing her efforts towards increasing profits, her efforts are aimed at increasing profits;

dirigen su iniciativa a conseguir la liberación del secuestrado the aim of their initiative is to secure the release of the prisoner;

dirigió sus pasos hacia la casa he headed towards the house;

no me dirigen la palabra they don't speak to me;

un programa dirigido a los amantes de la música clásica a programme (intended) for lovers of classical music;

consejos dirigidos a los jóvenes advice aimed at the young

6. [carta, paquete] to address

7. [guiar] [persona] to guide

♦ See also the pronominal verb dirigirse

* * *

1 TEA, película direct; MÚS conduct

2 COM manage, run

dirigir una carta a address a letter to;

dirigir una pregunta a direct a question to

4 ( conducir) lead

* * *

dirigir {35} vt

1) : to direct, to lead

2) : to address

3) : to aim, to point

4) : to conduct (music)

♦ See also the reflexive verb dirigirse

* * *

dirigir vb

1. (película, tráfico) to direct

2. (empresa, equipo) to manage

3. (negocio, organización, sistema) to run [pt. ran; pp. run]

4. (expedición, investigación, partido) to lead [pt. & pp. led]

5. (libro, medida) to aim / to direct

6. (carta, palabras) to address

7. (orquesta) to conduct

(v.) = concentrate + effort, direct + effort, direct + energy, concentrate + Posesivo + energy

Ex. The project concentrated its efforts towards establishing a system of categories.

Ex. With few questions and infrequent use it would be more sensible and effective to direct effort into searching, rather than strive for perfection in indexing.

Ex. As energies became directed to less abstract matters working men began to see libraries as undemocratic and inhospitable institutions.

Ex. Most companies concentrate their energies on new product development to raise profits.

* * *

competitive, competitory, emulous, vying.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 competitive

* * *

* * *

ADJ competitive

* * *

- va adjetivo competitive

* * *

= competitive, rivalrous, get-ahead.

Ex. This service offers competitive costs, depending on the cost of online access to the data base and charging system.

Ex. Deregulation compelled the energy utility business to restructure its inwardly directed culture and its overgrown and rivalrous internal services function.

Ex. Some folks in the commercial world enjoy all the internal get-ahead mutual sniping and jealous backbiting and ambitious politicking that goes on in it.

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* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de modo competitivo = competitively.

* inteligencia competitiva = competitive intelligence.

* poco competitivo = uncompetitive.

* * *

- va adjetivo competitive

* * *

* * *

competitive

* * *

◊ -va adjetivo

* * *

competitivo, -a adj

1. [persona] competitive

2. [producto, empresa] competitive;

productos a precios muy competitivos products at very competitive prices

* * *

adj competitive

* * *

competitivo, -va adj

: competitive

♦ competitivamente adv

* * *

competitivo adj competitive

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Public utilities

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After attending Owens College, Manchester, Hopkinson was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1867 to read for the Mathematical Tripos. An appointment in 1872 with the lighthouse department of the Chance Optical Works in Birmingham directed his attention to electrical engineering. His most noteworthy contribution to lighthouse engineering was an optical system to produce flashing lights that distinguished between individual beacons. His extensive researches on the dielectric properties of glass were recognized when he was elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society at the age of 29. Moving to London in 1877 he became established as a consulting engineer at a time when electricity supply was about to begin on a commercial scale. During the remainder of his life, Hopkinson's researches resulted in fundamental contributions to electrical engineering practice, dynamo design and alternating current machine theory. In making a critical study of the Edison dynamo he developed the principle of the magnetic circuit, a concept also arrived at by Gisbert Kapp around the same time. Hopkinson's improvement of the Edison dynamo by reducing the length of the field magnets almost doubled its output. In 1890, in addition to-his consulting practice, Hopkinson accepted a post as the first Professor of Electrical Engineering and Head of the Siemens laboratory recently established at King's College, London. Although he was not involved in lecturing, the position gave him the necessary facilities and staff and student assistance to continue his researches. Hopkinson was consulted on many proposals for electric traction and electricity supply, including schemes in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds. He also advised Mather and Platt when they were acting as contractors for the locomotives and generating plant for the City and South London tube railway. As early as 1882 he considered that an ideal method of charging for the supply of electricity should be based on a two-part tariff, with a charge related to maximum demand together with a charge for energy supplied. Hopkinson was one the foremost expert witnesses of his day in patent actions and was himself the patentee of over forty inventions, of which the three-wire system of distribution and the series-parallel connection of traction motors were his most successful. Jointly with his brother Edward, John Hopkinson communicated the outcome of his investigations to the Royal Society in a paper entitled "Dynamo Electric Machinery" in 1886. In this he also described the later widely used "back to back" test for determining the characteristics of two identical machines. His interest in electrical machines led him to more fundamental research on magnetic materials, including the phenomenon of recalescence and the disappearance of magnetism at a well-defined temperature. For his work on the magnetic properties of iron, in 1890 he was awarded the Royal Society Royal Medal. He was a member of the Alpine Club and a pioneer of rock climbing in Britain; he died, together with three of his children, in a climbing accident.

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 Therefore, the submicron fraction remains relatively constant.

 Thus the elastic energy is, after substitution, EE =...

 The authors concluded that an orifice fed hydrostatic system would be best, so that most of the work is directed to an analysis of a hydrostatic seal.

 Application of this criterion verified that no heat loads from power plants would violate existing standards, so closed-cycle cooling systems are not required.

 The flow rates for the larger rotameter exceeded the capacity of the calibration apparatus and, as a consequence, it was necessary to accept the calibration provided by the manufacturer.

 Because of this, the applicability of our analysis is restricted to the region 0 Ј q Ј qr.

— а поэтому желательно иметь...

— достаточно мал и поэтому делает возможным

— достаточно хорошо известен и поэтому не нуждается в дополнительном рассмотрении

— и именно поэтому

— и поэтому было бы неразумно

— и поэтому не учитываются в

— поэтому... и была выбрана

— поэтому было решено

— поэтому вполне возможно, что

— поэтому вполне логично

— поэтому для того, чтобы..., требовалось использовать

— поэтому можно предположить, что

— поэтому нет оснований ожидать

— цель поэтому состоит в обеспечении